Lithium Battery Is The Best Choice For Portable Batteries
The birth of lithium batteries began with the discovery of "lithium". In 1817, Swedish chemist chemistry first extracted lithium from a mineral sample from a Swedish island. The name of lithium is inspired by the Greek stone and stone. Although it sounds "heavy", it is actually the lightest solid element known so far.
The chemical periodic table must have been very familiar when you were in middle school. From the chemical periodic table, we can know that the relative atomic mass of lithium is, belonging to the first group or the second cycle. It is the most active metal among the known elements (including radioactive elements). When I was in high school, my teacher did an experiment. When I threw a piece of lithium in water or burst into the air, it would burn quickly.
Lithium is so unstable, how can it become an indispensable lithium battery in modern life?
In order to be a good energy carrier, it is necessary to store and carry more energy with the smallest volume and weight as possible. From lithium element to lithium battery, it is due to the three characteristics of lithium battery
1: The relative mass of lithium atom is small
2: Strong electronic capability
3: High electron transfer ratio
These three points can be concluded in the periodic table of elements. The elements on the top of the periodic table are better than the elements below, and the elements on the left are better than those on the right. Of course, some people will say that hydrogen should not be the best energy carrier? Of course, I don't deny that hydrogen is the best energy carrier in nature. Otherwise, why is the research on hydrogen fuel cells in the ascendant? Hydrogen can only be said to be the development frontier in the future, and the current technology is not mature.
So the choice of lithium as a battery is based on the relative optimal solution we can find among all the elements on earth.
Advantages of lithium battery (analysis based on mobile phone and electric vehicle)
1. High energy. Small size and large capacity. Take mobile phone as an example, the battery of such a small size can store a large capacity of 4000mAh.
2. With long service life, the mobile phone needs to be charged every night, and the number of charge and discharge is very large, but the lithium battery can achieve more than thousands of times of charging and discharging.
3. High rated voltage, single working voltage of or, suitable for the use of small electrical appliances.
4. With high power bearing capacity, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery can reach 15-30c charge and discharge capacity, which is convenient for electric vehicles to achieve high-intensity start-up acceleration, which is the reason why the 100 meter acceleration of electric vehicles is generally very fast.
5. The self discharge rate is very low, generally can be less than 1% / month. When the mobile phone is off, there will be electricity for a long time.
6. It's light, it makes mobile phones easier to carry, and it can make electric cars lighter and faster.
7. High and low temperature adaptability, it can be used in the environment of - 20 ℃ - 60 ℃, basically in line with our living temperature (this is why the mobile phone will be frozen off when it is below - 30 ° in Northeast China)
Based on these seven advantages, lithium battery can be so popular in life. Tesla, a big electric car maker, is making environmentally friendly cars with lithium batteries. Battery manufacturers use lithium batteries to make devices portable.
The purpose of the Nobel Prize is to award the world's people who have made the most important contributions to human beings in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics.
Nowadays, we can carry a mobile phone weighing less than 150g to go shopping.
Lithium batteries are not perfect. Take mobile devices as an example. At present, the volume of lithium batteries has been compressed to the extreme. In the tiny space of mobile phones, how to achieve small volume and large capacity, and when the mobile phone can be charged once a month, will be solved one by one in the future. For example, the nuclear fission technology can make a major breakthrough in the next few decades, and can be miniaturized or even micro sized Therefore, the portable nuclear fuel cell will have broad development space.
However, it is undeniable that lithium batteries have made great contributions to human beings in the field of chemistry, and lithium batteries are still the best choice among portable batteries.